Appendix A Selected Readings In this appendix we have attempted to reference the most recent or readily available literature on little-known Andean food plants. Unfo...

Lost Crops of the Incas Little-Known Plants of the Andes with Promise for Worldwide Cultivation (1989) Board on Science and Technology for International Development Related Books

	Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-viii Contents, pp. ix-xii Introduction, pp. 1-21 Part I: Roots and Tubers, pp. 22-26 Achira, pp. 27-38 Ahipa, pp. 39-46 Arracacha, pp. 47-56 Maca, pp. 57-66 Mashua, pp. 67-74 Mauka, pp. 75-82 Oca, pp. 83-92 Potatoes, pp. 93-104 Ulluco, pp. 105-114 Yacon, pp. 115-123 Part II: Grains, pp. 124-128 Kaniwa, pp. 129-138 Kiwicha, pp. 139-148 Quinoa, pp. 149-161 Part III: Legumes, pp. 162-164 Basul, pp. 165-172 Nunas- Poppomg Beans, pp. 173-180 Tarwi, pp. 181-189 Part IV: Vegetables, pp. 190-194 Peppers, pp. 195-202 Squashes and Their Relatives, pp. 203-209 Part V: Fruits, pp. 210-212 Berries, pp. 213-222 Capuli Cherry, pp. 223-228 Cherimoya, pp. 229-240 Goldenberry- Cape Gooseberry, pp. 241-252 Highland Papayas, pp. 253-262 Lucuma, pp. 263-266 Naranjilla- Lulo, pp. 267-276 Pacay- Ice-Cream Beans, pp. 277-286 Passionfruits, pp. 287-296 Pepino, pp. 297-306 Tamarillo- Tree Tomato, pp. 307-316 Part IV: Nuts, pp. 317-318 Quito Palm, pp. 319-322 Walnuts, pp. 323-326 A Selected Readings, pp. 327-342 B Centers of Andean Crop Research..., pp. 343-346 C Research Contacts, pp. 347-398 D Biographical Sketches of Panel ..., pp. 399-400 Index of Plants, pp. 401-407 Advisory Committee on Technology In..., pp. 408-408 BOSTID Publications, pp. 409-416 Picture Plates, pp. 417-428

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Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-viii Contents, pp. ix-xii Introduction, pp. 1-21 Part I: Roots and Tubers, pp. 22-26 Achira, pp. 27-38 Ahipa, pp. 39-46 Arracacha, pp. 47-56 Maca, pp. 57-66 Mashua, pp. 67-74 Mauka, pp. 75-82 Oca, pp. 83-92 Potatoes, pp. 93-104 Ulluco, pp. 105-114 Yacon, pp. 115-123 Part II: Grains, pp. 124-128 Kaniwa, pp. 129-138 Kiwicha, pp. 139-148 Quinoa, pp. 149-161 Part III: Legumes, pp. 162-164 Basul, pp. 165-172 Nunas- Poppomg Beans, pp. 173-180 Tarwi, pp. 181-189 Part IV: Vegetables, pp. 190-194 Peppers, pp. 195-202 Squashes and Their Relatives, pp. 203-209 Part V: Fruits, pp. 210-212 Berries, pp. 213-222 Capuli Cherry, pp. 223-228 Cherimoya, pp. 229-240 Goldenberry- Cape Gooseberry, pp. 241-252 Highland Papayas, pp. 253-262 Lucuma, pp. 263-266 Naranjilla- Lulo, pp. 267-276 Pacay- Ice-Cream Beans, pp. 277-286 Passionfruits, pp. 287-296 Pepino, pp. 297-306 Tamarillo- Tree Tomato, pp. 307-316 Part IV: Nuts, pp. 317-318 Quito Palm, pp. 319-322 Walnuts, pp. 323-326 A Selected Readings, pp. 327-342 B Centers of Andean Crop Research..., pp. 343-346 C Research Contacts, pp. 347-398 D Biographical Sketches of Panel ..., pp. 399-400 Index of Plants, pp. 401-407 Advisory Committee on Technology In..., pp. 408-408 BOSTID Publications, pp. 409-416 Picture Plates, pp. 417-428

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Appendix A Selected Readings In this appendix we have attempted to reference the most recent or readily available literature on little-known Andean food plants. Un- fortunately, many of the publications were produced in small quantity and can be extremely difficult to find. Some theses and dissertations are available for a fee from University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA. In many cases an author can be found listed as a research contact in Appendix C. Direct correspondence is often the best way to locate information on the availability of these publications and other relevant information. This appendix follows the same organization as the text. Publications discussing several species are listed under a general section heading, such as "Fruits." GENERAL Nutritional information on native Andean crops is often given in Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion. Further information is avail- able from Instituto de Nutricion de Centro America y Panama (INCAP), Apartado Postal 1188, Guatemala City, Guatemala. National govern- ments often produce consumer information as well. Antunez de Mayolo R., S.E. 1981. La Nutricion en el Antiguo Peru. Oficina Numismatica, Banco Central de Reserva del Peru, Lima. 189 pp. Beyersdorf, M. and O. Blanco. 1984. Diccinario Quechua-Espanol Te'rminos Agr~colas (de Cuzco Colla). Proyecto Investigacion de los Sistemas Agr~colas Andinos (PISA). Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion pare la Agricultura (IICA), Lima. 83 pp. Brucher, H. 1977. Tropische Nutzpflanzen: Ursprung, Evolution und Domestikation (Commercial Tropical Plants: Origin, Evolution and Domestication). Springer Verlag, Berlin. Brucher, H. In press. Useful Plants of Neotropical Origin. English translation from German. Cardenas, M. 1969. Manual de Plantas Economicas de Bolivia. Imprenta Methodista "ICTHUS," Cochabamba, Bolivia. 421 pp. Cardich, A. 1987. Native agriculture in the highlands of the Peruvian Andes. National Geographic Research 3(1):22-39. Centro Internacional de Recursos Fitogeneticos (IBPGR). 1983. El Germoplasma Vegetal en los Palses Andinos. IBPGR Secretariat, c/o Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome. Cook, O.F. 1925. Peru as a center of domestication. Journal of Heredity 16:33~6; 95-110. Friere, W. 1965. Tabla de Composicion de los Alimentos Ecuatorianos. Instituto Nacional de Nutricidn, Quito. Fries, A.M. and M.E. Tapia. 1986. Los Cultivos Andinos en el Peru. Programa Nacional de Sistemas Andinas de Producci6n Agropecuaria, Instituto Nacional de Investigaci6n y Promocidn Agrope- 327
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328 LOST CROPS OF THE INCAS cuaria (INIPA), Lima. 36 pp. (For ordering information, contact M.E. Tapia; see Research Contacts.) Gade, D.W. 1975. Plants, Man, and the Land in the Vilcanota Valley of Peru. W. Junk B.V. Publishers, The Hague. 240 pp. (Extensive bibliography.) Holle, M. 1986. La conservacidn ex-situ de la variabilidad genetica de los cultivos andinos (1958- 1986). Pages 53-64 in Anales V Congreso lnternacional de Sistemas Ag~opecuarios Indigos. (See below.) Instituto Nacional de Nutrici6n. 1983. Tabla de Composicion de Alimentos para Uso Practico (revised). Publication No. 42. Instituto Nacional de Nutricidn, Caracas. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR). 1982. Plant Genetic Resources in the Andean Region. IBPGR, Lima. IBPGR Secretariat, c/o FAO, Rome. 82 pp. IBPGR. Newsletter for the Americas. IBPGR, c/o CIAT, Apartado 6713, Cali, Colombia. Latcham, R. E. 1 936. La Agricultura Precolombiana en Chile y los Parses Vecinos . Ediciones de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago. Ledn, J. 1964. Plantas Alimenticias Andinas. Bolet~n Tecnico No. 6. IICA, Agr~colas Zona Andina, Lima. 1 12 pp. Le6n, J. 1968. Fundamentos Bota'nicos de los Cultivos Tropicales. Textos y Materiales de Ensenanza No. 18. IICA, San Jose, Costa Rica. Leung, W.-T.W. and M. Flores. 1961. Food Composition Tables for Use in Latin America. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Bethesda, Maryland. Mateo, N. and M.E. Tapia. 1988. High mountain environment and farming systems in Latin America. Status of valuable native Andean crops in the high mountain agriculture of Ecuador. In Proceedings of Workshop on Mountain Agriculture and Crop Genetic Resources. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICEMOD). India Book House, New Delhi. Montaldo B., P. 1988. El area de distribucidn y actual de los cultivos andinos en Chile. Pages 332- 336 in Memorias: VI Congreso Internacional de Cultivos Andinos. (See below.) Nieto, C., J. Rea, R. Castillo, and E. Peralta. 1984. Guia para el Man ejo y Preservacion de los Recursos Fitogeneticos. Publicaci6n Miscelanea No. 47. Estaci6n Experimental Santa Catalina, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Quito. Parodi, L.R. 1935. Relaciones de la agriculture prehispanica con la agriculture argentina actual. Anales de la Academia Nacional de Agronom~a y Veterinaria (Buenos Aires) 1:115-167. Patino, V. M. 1 964. Plantas Cultivadas y Animales Dome'sticos en America Equinoccial, vol. 2 : Plantas Alimenticias. Imprinta Departamental, Cali. Perez-Arbelaez, E. 1978. Plantas Utiles de Colombia. Litograf~a Arco, Bogota. Piedra B., M.B. and J.T. Esquinas-Alcazar. 1983. Situacion Actual del Germoplasma Vegetal de los Pa~ses Andinos. AGPG/IBPGR/83/50. IBPGR Secretariat, c/o FAO, Rome. Querol, D. 1988. Recursos Geneticos, Nuestro Tesoro Olvidado: Aproximacion Te'cnica y Socio- economica. 218 pp. (For ordering information, contact D. Querol, Av. Javier Prado (Este) 461, San Isidro, Lima, Peru; or G. Nabhan, see Research Contacts.) Rea, J. 1985. Recursos Fitogene'ticos Agricolas de Bolivia. Base para establecer el sistema. Oficina Regional pare America Latina, Comite Internacional de Recursos Fitogeneticos (IBPGR), La Paz. IBPGR Secretariat, c/o FAO, Rome. Rengifo, G. 1983. Bibliograf~a sobre Agricultura Andina. PISA. IICA, Lima. Sanchez-Monge y Parellada, E. 1980. Diccionario de Plantas Agricolas. Servicio de Publicaciones Agrarias, Ministerio de Agricultura, Madrid. 467 pp. Sauer, C.O. 1952. Cultivated plants of South and Central America. Pages 487-543 in Handbook of South American Indians vol. 6: Agricultural Origins and Dispersals. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143, New York. Soukup, J. 1970. Vocabulario de los Nombres Vulga~es de la Flora Peruana y Cata'logo de los Ge'neros. Colegio Salesiano, Lima. 380 pp. Tapia, M.E. 1982. El Medio, Los Cultivos y Los Sistemas Agrtcolas en los Andes del Sur del Peru. PISA (Apartado 110697), Lima. 80 pp. Tola C., J., C. Nieto, E. Peralta, and R. Castillo. 1988. Status of valuable native Andean crops in the high mountain agriculture of Ecuador. In Proceedings of Workshop on Mountain Agriculture and Crop Genetic Resources. ICEMOD. India Book House, New Delhi. Other general works include an excellent series of technical reports entitled Cultivos Andinos produced by the Programa de Investigacidn en Cultivos Andinos (PICA), Universidad Nacional de San Cristhbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru. In addition, there have been six international congresses on Andean crops. The published proceedings for these, listed below, contain a wealth of information, particularly on tubers and grains, as well as on indigenous agriculture and related topics. 1. 1978. Primer Congreso Internacional sobre Cultivos Andinos, 1977. M.E. Tapia and M.V. Teran, eds. Universidad Nacional de San Cristhbal de Huamanga. Serie Informe de Cursos, Conferencias, y Reuniones No. 117. IICA, OEA, Ayacucho, Peru. 2. 1980. Segundo Congreso Internacional sobre Cultivos Andinos. Facultad de Ingener~a Agron-
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APPENDIX A 329 omica, Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo, IICA, Riobamba, Ecuador. 323 pp. 3. 1982. Tercer Congreso Internacional de Cultivos Andinos. Instituto Boliviana de Tecnolog~a Agropecuaria (IBTA), Centro Internacional de Investigaciones pare el Desarrollo (CIID), La Paz, Bolivia. 544 pp. 4. ]984. Cuarto Congreso Internacional de Cultivos Andinos: Memorias. Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), CIID, Pasto, Colombia. 484 pp. 5. 1987. V Congreso Internacional de Sistemas Agropecuarios Andinos: Anales. Universidad Nacional del Altiplano. CORPUNO, CINIPA, CIID, Puno, Peru. 514 pp. 6. 1988. VI Congreso Internacional de Cultivos Andinos: Memorias. INIAP, LATINRECO, FUNDAGRO, CIID, Quito, Ecuador. 558 pp. ROOTS AND TUBERS Arbizu Avellaneda, C. and E. Robles Garcia. 1986. Cata'logo de los Recursos Gene'ticos de Races y Tube'rculos Andinos. PICA, Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru. Kay, D.E. 1973. Root Crops. TPI Crop and Product Digest, No. 2. The Tropical Products Institute (56/62 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LU). Montaldo, A. 1977. Cultivo de Ra~ces y Tube'rculos Tropicales. IICA, San Jose. 284 pp. PICA. 1987. Cultivos Andinos: Sistemas Agr~colas Andinos: Tecnolog~a de Produccidn de Alimentos en Condiciones de Alto Fresco Climatico III(I). PICA, Universidad Nacional de San Crist6bal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru. Razumov, V.I. and R.S. Limar. 1974. Effect of night temperature on tuber formation and flowering of certain plant species under short day conditions. Botanichrskii Zhurnal 59(11):1648-1657. Rea, J. and D. Morales. 1980. Catalogo de Tube'rculos Andinas. Programa de Cultivos Andinos, IBTA, Ministerio de Asuntos Campesinos y Agropecuaria, La Paz. 47 pp. Tapia, M.E. 1981. Los tuberculos andinos. Pages 45-61 in Avances en los Investigaciones sobre Tuberculos Alimenticios de los Andes. PISA. IICA, Lima. 114 pp. Zimmerer, K. 1988. Seeds of Peasant Subsistence: Agrarian Structure, Crop Economics, and Quechua Agriculture in Reference to the Loss of Biodiversity in the Southern Peruvian Andes. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley. (Extensive bibliography.) Achira Chaparro, R.B. and H. Cortes. 1979. La Achira. Cultivo. Industrializacion. Utilidad forrajera. Orientacion Agropecuaria No. 131. ICA, Bogota. Chung, H.L. and J.C. Ripperton. 1924. Edible Canna in Hawaii. Hawaii Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin No. 54. Honolulu, Hawaii. 16 pp. Gade, D.W. 1966. Achira, the edible canna, its cultivation and use in the Peruvian Andes. Econom Botany 20(4):407-415. Imai, K. and T. Ichihashi. 1986. Studies on dry matter production of edible canna (Canna edulis Ker.) I. Gas exchange characteristics of leaves in relation to light regimes. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 55(3):360-366. Khoshoo, T.N. and I. Guha. n.d. Origin and Evolution of Cultivated Cannas. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Le Dividich, J. 1977. Feeding value of Canna edulis roots for pigs. The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 61(3):267-274. Mukerjee, L. and T.N. Khoshoo. 1971. Genetic-evolutionary studies on cultivated cannas V: Intraspecific polyploidy in starch yielding Canna edulis. Genetica Iberica 23:35-42. Oka, M., O. Boonseng, and W. Watananonta. 1987. Characteristics of dry matter and tuber production of Queensland arrowroot (Canna edulis Ker.). Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture 32(3): 173-178. Tu, L. and H.-D. Tscheuschner. 1981. Untersuchung von wichtigen Eigenschaften der Dong-Rieng- Starke (Testing of important.characteristics of achira starch). Lebensmittelindustrie 28:515-516. Ufer, M. 1972. Canna edulis Ker., a neglected root crop. Tropical Root Crop Newsletter (Rome) 5:32-34. Ugent, D., S. Pozorski, and T. Pozorski. 1984. New evidence for ancient cultivation of Canna edulis in Peru. Economic Botany 38(4):417-432. Ahipa Brucher, H. 1985. Der Reiche Gen-Fundus Vergfssener Tropischer Nutzpflanzen (The rich gene- resources of forgotten tropical commercial plants). Geowissenschaften in Unserer Zeit 3(1):8-14.
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330 LOST CROPS OF THE INCAS Clausen, R.T. 1944. A botanical study of the yam beans (Pachyrrhizas). Cornell University Memoir 264. Ithaca, New York. 38 pp. Herrera, F.L. 1942. Plantas Tropicales Cultivadas por los Antiguos Peruanos 2(2):179-195. S0rensen, M. 1988. A taxonomic revision of the genus Pachyrhizus (Fabaceae—Phaseoleae). Nordic Journal of Botany 8(2):167-192. (Extensive bibliography.) Yacovleff, E. 1933. La j~quima, ra~z comestible extinguida en el Peru. Revista del Museo Nacional (Lima) 2(1):51-56. Arracacha Arracacha has been featured in symposiums held in Brazil in 1984 and 1987. Articles based on the first symposium appear in Informe Agropecuario (Belo Horizonte, Brasil) 10(120)(December 1984). (For information on availability, contact A.C.W. Zanin; see Research Contacts.) Barrantes del A., F. and E. Mendoza G. 1987. Nuevas enfermedades en cultivo de mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), olluco (Ullucus tuberosus), arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza), y camote (Ipomoea batatas) en Ayacucho. Pages 36-51 in Cultivos Andinos: Sistemas Agricolas Andinos: Tecnologia de Produccion de Alimentos en Condiciones de Alto Fresco Climatico III(I). (See above under Roots and Tubers.) Canahua Z., A. 1978. Cultivo de la arracacha en Puno. Pages 268-271 in Primer Congreso Internacional sobre Cultivos Andinos, 1977. (See above under General heading.) Castillo T., R. 1984. La zanahoria blanca: otro importante alimento andino. Desde el Surco (Ecuador) 42:39-42. Empresa de Assistencia Tecnica e Extensao Rural do Estado me Minas Gerais (EMBRATER MG). 1982. Sistema de Produ~cao para a Cultura da Mandioquinha-salsa. Serie Sistema de Produ~ao No. 009. EMBRATER MG, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (EMPRAPA). 36 pp. Faillace, P.G. 1972. El Apio Andino. Division de Proyectos, Corporacion de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela. 95 pp. Franco P., S. and J. Rodr~guez C. 1988. Evaluacion del Germoplasma de Arracacha o Racaha (Arracacia xanthorriza) en el Valle de Cajamarca. Mimeo. 6 pp. (For information on availability, contact S. Franco P.; see Research Contacts.) Higuita M., F. 1968. El cultivo de la arracacha en la sabana de Bogota. Agricultura Tropical (Bogota) 24(3): 1 39-146. Hodge, W.H. 1954. The edible arracacha—a little-known food plant of the Andes. Economic Botany 8: 195-221. Leon, J. and J. Real 1967. Clasificacion de clones de arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza). Informe Anual. IICA, San Jose. Mathias, M. and L. Constance. 1976. Umbelliferae. Flora of Ecuador 5(145):43-49. Rea, J. 1984. Arracacia xanthorrhiza en los pa~ses andinos de Sud America. Pages 387-396 in Cuarto Congreso Internacional de Cultivos Andinos: Memorias. (See above under General heading.) Roth, Q. 1977. Arracacia xanthorrhiza: el tuberculo comestible del apio criollo y su estructura interna. Acta Botanica Venezuelica 12: 147-170. Sanchez, I. and G. Plascencia. 1981. Informe Tecnico sobre Conservacio,' de Clones de Arracacha. Universidad Tecnica de Cajamarca, Peru. 4 pp. Maca Bonnier, E. 1986. Utilisation du sol a l'epoque prehispanique: le cas archeologique du Shaka- Palcamayo (Andes centrales). Cahiers des Sciences Humaines 22(1):97-113. Chacon R., G. 1961. Estudio fitoqutmico de Lepidium Meyenii Walp. Tesis de Bachillerato. Universidad de San Marcos, Lima. IBPGR, 1982. (See above under General heading.) Johns, T. 1981. The anu and the mace. Journal of Ethnobiology 1(2):208-212. King, S.R. 1988. Economic Botany of the Andean Tuber Crop Complex: Lepidium meyenii, Oxalis tuberosa, Tropaeolum tuberosum, and Ullucus tuberosus. Ph.D. dissertation, Graduate Faculty in Biology, City University of New York. (Extensive bibliography.) Leon, J. 1964. The "mace" (Lepidium meyenii), a little-known food plant of Peru. Economic Botany 18(2): 122-127. Matos M., R. n.d. La mace: una planta peruana en extincion. Cielo Abierto n.v.:3-9. (Photocopies available from N. Vietmeyer, National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Wash- ington, DC 20418, USA.) Mashua Barrantes and Mendoza, 1987. (See above under Arracacha.)
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APPENDIX A 339 Schroeder, C.A. 1988. The pollination problem in cherimoya. Indoor Citrus and Rare Fruit Society Newsletter 26(Summer):12-13. Thomson, P.H. 1970. The cherimoya in California. Californian Rare Fruit Growers Yearbook 2:20-34. Goldenber~y Cailes, R.L. 1952. The cultivation of cape gooseberry. Journal of Agriculture of Western Australia 1 :363-365. Chia, C.L., M.S. Nishina, and D.O. Evans. 1987. Poha. Commodity Fact Sheet Poha-3(A), Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service, Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii. 2 pp. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). 1969. Physalis. Pages 38-40 in The Wealth of India: Raw Materials, vol. 8. Publications & Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. Davis, B.R. and V.B. Whitehead. 1974. Cape Gooseberry Cultivation. Information Bulletin Number 210. Fruit and Fruit Technology Research Institute, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Mimeo. 4 pp. Dremann, C.C. 1987. Ground Cherries, Husk Tomatoes, and Tomatillos. 22 pp. (Available for a nominal charge from the author; see Research Contacts.) Jaw-Kai Wang. 1966. Equipment for Husking Poha Berries. Technical Bulletin No. 60. Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, Honolulu. 18 pp. Klinac, D.J. 1986. Cape gooseberry (Physalis peraviana) production systems. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 14:425-30. (Reprints available from the author; see Research Contacts.) Klinac, D.J. and F.H. Wood. 1986. Cape gooseberry (Physalis peraviana). The Orchardist of New Zealand 60(4):103. Legge, A.P. 1974. Notes on the history, cultivation, and uses of Physalis peraviana. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 99:310-314. Mazumdar, B.C. 1979. Cape-gooseberry, the jam fruit of India. World Crops 31(January/Febru- ary): 19,23. Morton, J.F. and O.S. Russell. 1954. The cape gooseberry and the Mexican husk tomato. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 67:261-266. (Reprints available from J.F. Morton; see Research Contacts.) Highland Papayas Badillo, W.M. 1967. Acerca de la naturaleza hibrida de Carica pentagona, C. chrysopetala and C. fructifragrans, frutales del Ecuador y Colombia. Revista Facultad Agronomia Venezuelano 4(2):92-103. Badillo, W.M. 1971. Monograf~a de la Familia Caricaceae. La Asociacidn de Profesores, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Facultad de Agronomia, Maracay, Venezuela. Camacho, S. and V. Rodr~guez. 1982. El cultivo comercial del babaco (Carica pentagona Heilb.). Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science (Tropical Region) 26:17-20. Cossio, F., ed. 1987. Atti del 1° Convegno Nazionale sul Babaco. Proceedings of a conference held March 28, 1987, in Ferrara, Italy. (Information available from F. Cossio; see Research Contacts.) Cossio, F. 1988. Il Babaco. Edagricole (Via Emilia Levante, 31), Bologna, Italy. Dawes and Pringle, 1983. (See above under Fruits.) Endt, A. 1981. One Hundred One Ways of Using Pawpaws. Landsendt Tropical Fruits (108 Parker Road, Oratia) Auckland, New Zealand. Fabara G., J., N. Bermeo C., and C. Barberan B. 1985. Manual del Cultivo del Babaco. Universidad Tecnica de Ambato/Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog~a, Ambato, Ecuador. Heilborn, O. 1921. Taxonomical and cytological studies on cultivated Ecuadorian species of Carica. Arkiv for Botanik 17(12):1-17. Litz, R.E. 1986. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Pp. 220-232 in Y.P.S. Bajaj, ea., Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry vol. 1: Trees I. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, West Germany. Mata, J. and N. Rivas. 1981. Especies del genero Carica como fuente de extracidn de papa~na. Pages 51-54 in Informe de. Investigacion 1980. Instituto de Genetica, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas. Mekako, H.U. and H.Y. Nakasone. 1977. Sex inheritance in some Carica species. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science 102(1):42-45. Popenoe, 1924. (See above under Fruits.) Silva, E., V. Fuentes, and L.A. Lizana. 1980. Azucares y acidos constitutivos y su evolucidn durante la maduraci6n de papayas (Carica candarmarcensis Hook.). Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science (Tropical Region) 24:97-102. Vega de Rojas, R. 1988. Somatic Embryogenesis of Babaco Carica pentagona (Heilborn) Badillo. Master's thesis, Faculty of Plant Science, University of Delaware, Newark.
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340 Lucuma LOST CROPS OF THE INCAS Calzada B., J., V. Bautista C., J. Bermudez R., and M. Moran R. 1972. C~`lti~;o del Lucumo. Bolet~n Tecnica 2. Universidad Nacional Agraria, La Molina, Lima. 44 pp. (For information on availability, contact the authors; see Research Contacts.) Dawes and Pringle, 1983. (See above under Fruits.) Ebel, C. 1935. Los lucumos en Chile. Revisa Chilena de Historia Natural 34:183-203. Martin, F.W. and S.E. Malo. ]978. The Canistel and Its Relatives. Cultivation of Neglected Tropical Fruits With Promise: Part 5. Science and Education Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. 12 pp. Saavedra, E. 1975. Efecto de la temperature y reguladores de cremiento sobre la germinacion y crecimiento de la plantula del lucumo (Lucuma bifera Mol.). In~'estigaciones Agricultura (Chile) 1(3): 147-152. Saavedra, E. 1975. InjertaciOn del lucumo. In~'estigaciones Agricultura (Chile) 1(3):191-193. Naranjilla (Lulo) Campbell, C.W. 1965. The naranjilla. Bulletin of the Rare Fruit Council of South Florida 2:3-5. Garcia R., E.H. and M.A. Garc~a D. 1985. Collecion y Establecimiento de un Banco de Germoplasma de Lulo, Solanum quitoense, y Especies Relacionadas en el Suroeste Colombiano. Tesis Ingeniero Agronomo, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, Colombia. 100 pp. Giraldo, J.A. and C. Bol~var. 1977. Enfermidades del Lulo en Tres Zonas Produciones de Colombia. Tesis Ingeniero Agronomo, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, Colombia. 103 pp. Heiser, C.B. 1972. The relationships of the naranjilla, Solanum quitoense. Biotropica 4(2):77-84. Heiser, C.B. 1985a. Little oranges of Quito. Pages 60-81 in Heiser, 1985a. (See above under Fruits.) Heiser, C.B. 1985b. Ethnobotany of the naranjilla (Solanum quitoense). Economic Botany 39:4-11. Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA). 1973. Las Plagas Del Lulo y Su Control. Bolet~n Tecnico No. 25. Programa Nacional de Entomolog~a, ICA, Ministerio de Agricultura, Bogota. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP). 1982. Memorias de la Primera Conferencia Internacional de Naranjilla. INIAP, Quito. 177 pp. Jaramillo Vasquez, J. 1984. El Cultivo del Lulo. Mimeo. Programa Nacional de Hortalizas, ICA, Palmira. 11 pp. (For information on availability, contact the author; see Research Contacts.) Lobo A., M., E. Girard O., J. Jaramillo V., and G. Jaramillo S. n.d. El cultivo del lulo o naranjilla. Pages 10-21 in Contribucidn de los Programas de Hortalizas y Frutale~. ICA, Bogota. (Information on availability from J. Jaramillo V.; see Research Contacts.) Pacheco, R. and J. Jimenez. 1968. El cultivo de la naranjilla en el Ecuador. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganader~a, Quito. Reyes, C.E. 1987. Descripcion de la Informacion Existente sobre el Lulo ylo Naranjilla, Solanum quitoense Lamarck y de las Practicas Realizadas por los Agricultores en Diferentes Zonas de Colombia. Tesis Ingeniero Agr6nomo, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, Colombia. 280 pp. Romero-Castaheda, R. 1961. El lulo: una fruta de importancia economica. Agricultura Tropical 17(4):214-18. Wolff, L.D. n.d. El Cultivo del Lulo ~ Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.). Facultad de Agronom~a, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell~n, Colombia. 97 pp. Pacay (Ice-Cream Beans) There is much literature on the genus Inga. However, little is available concerning the specific cultivation and use of pacay as food. General Inga articles include the following: Cavalcante, P.B. 1976. Frutas Comestiveis da Amazonia (2nd edition). Falangola, Belem, Brazil. Holdridge, L.R. and L.J. Poveda, Jr. 1975. Arboles de Costa Rica vol. 1. Centro Cientifico Tropical, San Jose, Costa Rica. Koptur, S. 1983a. The ecology of some Costa Rican Inga species. Pages 259-261 in D.H. Janzen, ea., Costa Rican Natural History. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Koptur, S. 1983b. Flowering phenology and floral ecology of Inga. Systematic Botany 8(4):354-368. Koptur, S. 1984. Pollinator limitation of fruit set-breeding systems of Inga. Evolution 38(5): 1 130-1 143. Leon, J. 1966. Central American and West Indian species of Inga (Leguminosae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 53:265-359. Marin M., F. 1983. Informe preliminar sobre el genero Inga en el sur oriente peruano, I parse. Revista Universitaria 70(132).
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APPENDIX A 341 National Research Council. 1980. Firewood Crops: Shrub and T/ee Species for Energy Production. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Pa ss lo nfru its Escobar, L.K.A. de. 1980. Interrelationships of the edible forms of Passiflora centering around Passiflora mollisima (HBK) Bailey Subgenus Tacsonia. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin. Escobar, L.K.A. de. 1981. Experimentos preliminares en la hibridacion de especies comestibles de Passiflora. Actualidades Biologicas 10(38):103-111. Escobar, L.K.A. de. 1985. Taxonomy, biologic reproductive y mejoramiento de la curuba. Pages 200-206 in II Seminario Recursos Vegetales Promisorios. Faculdad de Ciencia Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, Colombia. Escobar, L. K. A. de. 1 986. Hibridacion de la curuba. In Resumenes del Seminario Recursos Vegetales Promisorios. Facultad de Agronomy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin. 2 pp. Escobar, L.K.A. de. 1987. A taxonomic revision of the varieties of Passiflora cumbalensis (Passifloraceae). Systematic Botany 12(2):238-250. Escobar, L.K.A. de. 1988. Passifloraceae Passifiora, subgeneros: Tacsonia, Rathea, Manicata y Distephana. Monograph No. 10 in P. Pinto and G. Lozanos, eds., Flora de Colombia. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota. Fouque, A. 1972. Especes fruitieres d'Amerique tropicale: genre Passiflora. Fruits 27(5):368-382. Knight, R.J., Jr. 1969. Edible-fruited passionvines in Florida: the history and possibilities. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science (Tropical Region) 13:265-274. Martin, F.W. and H.Y. Nakasone. 1970. The edible species of Passiflora. Economic Botany 24(3):333-343. Popenoe, 1924. (See above under Fruits.) Programa Interciencias de Recursos Biologicos (PIRB). 1986. Recursos Biologicos Nuevos. Bolet~n Informativo No. 03. 12 pp. (This issue is devoted mostly to the curuba. Copies are available from Editores Bolet~n PIRB, Apartado Aereo 51580, Bogota 2.) Schoeniger, G. 1988. La Curuba; Tecnicas para el Mejoramiento de su Cultivo. Fondo Colombiano de Investigaciones Cientificas y Proyectos Especiales "Francisco Jose de Caldas" (COLCIEN- CIAS) and Editora Guadalupe Ltda. (Apartado Aereo 29765), Bogota. Schultes, R.E. 1986. Algunos apuntes botanicos sobre Passiflora cu/uba. Pages 253-255 in Mesa Redonda de la Red Latino-Americana de la Industria de Frutas Tropicales, II. Federaci6n Nacional de Cafeteros y Oficina Regional de la Foro pare America Latina y el Caribe, Bogota. Whittaker, D.E. 1974. Passion fruit: agronomy, processing and marketing. T,opical Science 14:59-77. Pepino Burge, G.K. 1982. Pepinos: fruit set. New Zealand Commercial Grower 37(8):33. Corporacion de Fomento de la Produccion. 1982. Cultivo del Pepino Dulce: Antecedentes, Agron- omicos, Econd micos. AA 82/34. Corporacion de Fomento de la Produccion, Gerencia de Desarrollo, Faculdad de Agronom~a de la Pontificia Universidad Cat61ica de Chile, Santiago. Dawes, S.N. 1984. Pepino breeding and selection. The Orchardist of Nen' Zealand 58(5):172. Dawes and Pringle, 1983. (See above under Fruits.) Dennis, D.J., G.K. Burge, and R. Lill. 1985. Pepino Cultural Techniques: An Introduction. Aglink Horticultural Produce and Practice No. 208. 2 pp. (Pamphlet available from Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Information Services, Private Bag, Wellington, New Zealand.) Heiser, C.B. 1964. Origin and variability of the pepino (Solanum muricatum): a preliminary report. Baileya 12:151-158. Heiser, C.B. 1985a. Green "tomatoes" and purple "cucumbers." Pages 128-141 in Heiser, 1985a. (See above under Fruits.) Hermann, M. 1988. Beitrage zur Okologie der Frucht- und Ertragshildung von Solanum muricatum Ait. (Contributions to the ecology of fruit- and yield-increase of S. muricatum Ait.). Doctor of Agricultural Science dissertation, Technical University of Berlin, West Germany. 156 pp. (Extensive bibliography.) Lizana, L.A. and B. Levano. 1977. Caracterisacion y comportamiento del pepino dulce, Solanum muricatum. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science (Tropical Region) 21:11-15. Morley-Bunker, M.J.S. n.d. Pepino Growing in Canterbury. Pepino Project, Horticulture Department, Lincoln College, Christchurch, New Zealand. 19 pp. (Copies available from author; see Research Contacts.) Morley-Bunker, M.J.S. 1983. A new commercial crop, the pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait) and suggestions for further development. Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture An'`ual Journal 1 1 :~-19.
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342 LOST CROPS OF THE INCAS Seidel, H. 1974. Erfahrungen mit dem Anbau von Solanum muricatum in Sudspanien (Experiences with cropping of Solanum muricatum in Southern Spain). Tropenlanwirt 75(5):24-30. Tamarillo (Tree Tomato) Bilton, J. 1986. Tamarillo Cookbook. 64 pp. (Available from Irvine Holt, P.O. Box 28019, Auckland 5, New Zealand.) Bobs, L. 1986. The Biology and Taxonomy of Cyphomandra (Solanaceae). Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bobs, L. 1989. The ethnobotany of the Cyphomandra. Economic Botany 43(2). Carnevali, A. 1976. Il tamarillo: una planta da trutto coltivabile nella regione degli agrumi (The tamarillo: a fruit crop that can be grown in citrus regions). Italia Agricola 113:96-99. Dadlani, S.A. and K.P.S. Chandal. 1970. The little grown tree tomato. Indian Horticulture 14(2): 13-14. Dawes and Pringle, 1983. (See above under Fruits.) Fletcher, W.A. 1979. Growing Tamarillos. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Bulletin No. 307. Wellington, New Zealand. Morton, J.F. 1982. The tree tomato, or "tamarillo," a fast-growing early-fruiting small tree for subtropical climates. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 95:81-85. Orihuela, M. n.d. Tomate Andino; Manual Practico para su Cultivo y Uso. Centro de Estudios Rurales Andinos "Bartolome de las Casas," Horacio Urteaga 452, JesCs Maria, Lima 11. 18 pp. Sale, P.R. 1983a. Tamarillos: General Requirements, Varieties, and Propagation for Commercial Production. Aglink Horticultural Produce and Practice No. 296. (Pamphlet available from Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Media Services, Private Bag, Wellington, New Zealand.) Sale, P.R. 1983b. Tamarillos: Orchard Management, Planting, Training, Pruning, Nutrition, Harvesting. Aglink Horticultural Produce and Practice No. 297. (Available as above.) Sale, P.R. 1984. Tamarillos; Pests and Diseases. Aglink Horticultural Produce and Practice No. 298. (Available as above.) NtITS Quito Palm Barry, B., Jr. 1960. The Ecuadorian relative of the Chilean wine palm. Principes 4:146-148. Balslev, H. and A. Barfod. 1987. Ecuadorian palms—an overview. Opera Botanica 92:17-35. Cardenas, M. 1970. Palm forests of the Bolivian high Andes. Principes 14:50-54. Fullington, J.C. 1987. Parajubaea—an unsurpassed palm for cool, mild areas. Principes 31(4):172-176. (Reprints available from author; see Research Contacts.) Moore, H.E. 1970. Palm brief: Parajubaea cocoides. Principes 14:27. Moraes R., M. and A. Henderson. In press. The genus Parajubaea (Palmae). Mimeo. 13 pp. (For information on availability, contact the authors; see Research Contacts.) Walnuts Endt, R. 1988. A Walnut from the New World Juglans neotropica, a Notable New Introduction for New Zealand. Mimeo. 2 pp. (Copies available from author; see Research Contacts.) Manning, W.E. 1960. The genus Juglans in South America and the West Indies. Brittonia 12:1-26. Pretell C., J., D. Ocana V., R. Jon L., and E. Barahona C. 1985. Nogal. Pages 77-82 in Apuntes Sobre Algunas Especies Forestales Natives de la Sierra Peruana. Proyecto FAO/Holanda/INFOR (GCP/PER/027/NET), Lima, Peru.